Mycoplasma pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae .

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Pneumonia is a common illness, affecting 1 in 100 people. It is caused by many different types of bacteria, viruses, and other infectious organisms. Each year an estimated 2 million cases occur in the United States. Most cases of pneumonia are mild and easily treated, while some cases are more serious and may result in severe illness and even death. M. pneumoniae is a common cause of mild pneumonia and usually affects people younger than 40. Various studies suggest that it causes 15-50% of all pneumonia in adults and an even higher percentage of pneumonia in school-aged children. People at highest risk for mycoplasma pneumonia include those living or working in crowded areas such as schools and homeless shelters, although many people who contract mycoplasma pneumonia have no identifiable risk factor.

Signs and tests

A physical examination may reveal enlarged lymph nodes and inflammation of the eardrum. An examination of the chest with a stethoscope ( auscultation ) reveals crackles. These tests help confirm the diagnosis:

Treatment

Expectations (prognosis)

Most people recover completely even without antibiotics, although antibiotics may speed recovery. In untreated adults, cough and weakness can persist for up to a month.

Complications

Calling your health care provider

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms of mycoplasma pneumonia occur. Also, call if you have been treated for this disorder and symptoms of complications develop.

Prevention

Infants and people in poor health, especially those with weakened immune systems due to HIV, organ transplants, or other conditions, should avoid contact with people with mycoplasma pneumonia.